HTML vs. XHTML

    Understanding HTML

    HTML is the standard markup language used in the creation of web pages. It uses tags to denote different types of content, such as headers, paragraphs, links, images, and more. HTML is designed to be simple and forgiving; it doesn't require closing tags for every element, and web browsers are designed to display HTML pages as best as they can, even if there are errors in the code.


    The Birth of XHTML

    XHTML is a stricter, more XML-based version of HTML. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) developed it as a bridge between HTML, which is relatively loose with its syntax, and XML, which is a strict markup language that requires well-formed documents. In XHTML, all elements must be properly nested, properly closed, and all tags and attributes must be in lower case.


    Key Differences Between HTML and XHTML

    1. Syntax Rules: In HTML, you have the liberty to omit certain tags and still have a functioning website. However, XHTML enforces strict rules that require all elements to be closed, attributes to be quoted, and tags and attributes to be in lowercase.
    2. Error Handling: HTML is more forgiving when it comes to errors. Browsers are designed to interpret and display HTML as best as they can, even with some errors in the code. On the other hand, XHTML is less forgiving, and a minor error may lead to a webpage failing to display.
    3. Extensibility: XHTML, being an application of XML, is more extensible than HTML. It allows web developers to define their own elements, making it suitable for more complex and custom applications.

    Which Should You Use? HTML or XHTML?

    Choosing between HTML and XHTML largely depends on your specific needs.

    • If you require a more robust, flexible, and extendable document, and are ready to adhere to stricter syntax rules, then XHTML would be the way to go.
    • On the other hand, if your needs are straightforward and you prefer the simplicity and ease of use, HTML should serve you well. It's the most supported markup language and will work across all web browsers.

    Conclusion

    In essence, both HTML and XHTML serve the same purpose, which is to structure and present content on the web. Your choice between the two will depend on the specific requirements of your project, your preferred workflow, and the degree of control and extensibility you need over your markup.

    Remember, understanding the underlying technology and the trade-offs involved in choosing one over the other will equip you to make informed decisions, leading to efficient and effective web development.